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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">python json 序列化及反序列化</h1>
        

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        <h1 id="python-json-序列化及反序列化"><a href="#python-json-序列化及反序列化" class="headerlink" title="python json 序列化及反序列化"></a>python json 序列化及反序列化</h1><!-- TOC -->

<ul>
<li><a href="#python-json-%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96">python json 序列化及反序列化</a><ul>
<li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8namedtuple">使用<code>namedtuple</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8objecthook">使用<code>object_hook</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7">获取对象属性</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%B5%8C%E5%A5%97%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7">获取对象的嵌套属性</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- /TOC -->

<h2 id="使用namedtuple"><a href="#使用namedtuple" class="headerlink" title="使用namedtuple"></a>使用<code>namedtuple</code></h2><p>反序列化为 namedtuple</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> json</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> collections <span class="keyword">import</span> namedtuple</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">data = <span class="string">'&#123;"name": "John Smith", "hometown": &#123;"name": "New York", "id": 123&#125;&#125;'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Parse JSON into an object with attributes corresponding to dict keys.</span></span><br><span class="line">x = json.loads(data, object_hook=<span class="keyword">lambda</span> d: namedtuple(<span class="string">'X'</span>, d.keys())(*d.values()))</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> x.name, x.hometown.name, x.hometown.id</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>序列化为 json</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">json.dumps(x._asdict())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>输出</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;"hometown": ["New York", 123], "name": "John Smith"&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>封装：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_json_object_hook</span><span class="params">(d)</span>:</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> namedtuple(<span class="string">'X'</span>, d.keys())(*d.values())</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">json2obj</span><span class="params">(data)</span>:</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> json.loads(data, object_hook=_json_object_hook)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">x = json2obj(data)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>总结：</p>
<p>序列化及反序列化都比较方便，但是 <code>namedtuple</code> 不能进行复制，不能修改</p>
<h2 id="使用object-hook"><a href="#使用object-hook" class="headerlink" title="使用object_hook"></a>使用<code>object_hook</code></h2><p>反序列化为对象</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JSONObject</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__init__</span><span class="params">(self, d)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">        self.__dict__ = d</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">data = <span class="string">'&#123;"name": "John Smith", "hometown": &#123;"name": "New York", "id": 123&#125;&#125;'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a = json.loads(data,</span><br><span class="line">               object_hook=JSONObject)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.name = <span class="string">"changed"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> a.name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="获取对象属性"><a href="#获取对象属性" class="headerlink" title="获取对象属性"></a>获取对象属性</h2><ul>
<li>使用 <code>getattr</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> getattr(a.hometown, <span class="string">'id'</span>, <span class="number">321</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 123</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> getattr(a.hometown, <span class="string">'id1'</span>, <span class="number">321</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 321</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>使用 <code>try</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> a.hometown.id2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> AttributeError <span class="keyword">as</span> ex:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> ex</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>使用 <code>get</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = data.get(<span class="string">'first'</span>, &#123;&#125;).get(<span class="string">'second'</span>, &#123;&#125;).get(<span class="string">'third'</span>, <span class="literal">None</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="获取对象的嵌套属性"><a href="#获取对象的嵌套属性" class="headerlink" title="获取对象的嵌套属性"></a>获取对象的嵌套属性</h2><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">multi_getattr</span><span class="params">(obj, attr, default = None)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    Get a named attribute from an object; multi_getattr(x, 'a.b.c.d') is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    equivalent to x.a.b.c.d. When a default argument is given, it is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    returned when any attribute in the chain doesn't exist; without</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    it, an exception is raised when a missing attribute is encountered.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    """</span></span><br><span class="line">    attributes = attr.split(<span class="string">"."</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> attributes:</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            obj = getattr(obj, i)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">except</span> AttributeError:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> default:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> default</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">raise</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> obj</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> multi_getattr(a, <span class="string">"hometown.name"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># New York</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">print</span> multi_getattr(a, <span class="string">"hometown.name1"</span>, <span class="string">"abc"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># abc</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># coding=utf-8</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> __future__ <span class="keyword">import</span> unicode_literals</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> collections</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> operator</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">_default_stub = object()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">deep_get</span><span class="params">(obj, path, default=_default_stub, separator=<span class="string">'.'</span>)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"""Gets arbitrarily nested attribute or item value.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    Args:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        obj: Object to search in.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        path (str, hashable, iterable of hashables): Arbitrarily nested path in obj hierarchy.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        default: Default value. When provided it is returned if the path doesn't exist.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Otherwise the call raises a LookupError.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        separator: String to split path by.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    Returns:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        Value at path.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    Raises:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        LookupError: If object at path doesn't exist.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    Examples:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a': 1&#125;, 'a')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a': 1&#125;, 'b')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        Traceback (most recent call last):</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            ...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        LookupError: &#123;u'a': 1&#125; has no element at 'b'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(['a', 'b', 'c'], -1)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        u'c'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a': [&#123;'b': [1, 2, 3]&#125;, 'some string']&#125;, 'a.0.b')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        [1, 2, 3]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; class A(object):</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        ...     def __init__(self):</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        ...         self.x = self</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        ...         self.y = &#123;'a': 10&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        ...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(A(), 'x.x.x.x.x.x.y.a')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a.b': &#123;'c': 1&#125;&#125;, 'a.b.c')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        Traceback (most recent call last):</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            ...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        LookupError: &#123;u'a.b': &#123;u'c': 1&#125;&#125; has no element at 'a'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a.b': &#123;'Привет': 1&#125;&#125;, ['a.b', 'Привет'])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &gt;&gt;&gt; deep_get(&#123;'a.b': &#123;'Привет': 1&#125;&#125;, 'a.b/Привет', separator='/')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    """</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> isinstance(path, basestring):</span><br><span class="line">        attributes = path.split(separator)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">elif</span> isinstance(path, collections.Iterable):</span><br><span class="line">        attributes = path</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">        attributes = [path]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    LOOKUPS = [getattr, operator.getitem, <span class="keyword">lambda</span> obj, i: obj[int(i)]]</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> attributes:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">for</span> lookup <span class="keyword">in</span> LOOKUPS:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                    obj = lookup(obj, i)</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">except</span> (TypeError, AttributeError, IndexError, KeyError,</span><br><span class="line">                        UnicodeEncodeError, ValueError):</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">pass</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                msg = <span class="string">"&#123;obj&#125; has no element at '&#123;i&#125;'"</span>.format(obj=obj, i=i)</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">raise</span> LookupError(msg.encode(<span class="string">'utf8'</span>))</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">except</span> Exception:</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> _default_stub != default:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> default</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">raise</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> obj</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<hr>
<p>Sync From: <a href="https://github.com/TheBigFish/blog/issues/2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/TheBigFish/blog/issues/2</a></p>

      
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